Accept, as stage of disaggregation, 35-38, 146-147
Actualizing innovation, 37
Address book, 138-139
AEIOU (steps), 99-106
American National Standards Institute, 91 n.
Anticipate (AEIOU steps), 99-100
Application programming interface (API), 114
Applications, software, 114
ARPANET, 66
AT&T, 33
divestiture, as recent revolution, 5
as example of disaggregation, 7-8
"taking apart" and, 5-6
ATMs, 18-19
Authority, disaggregation of, 10-11, 16, 17, 19, 30, 36, 47, 53, 92, 108, 109, 135
Automobile(s)
as business, 57-58, 73
disaggregation of authority and, 53
disaggregation of ownership and, 53, 57
disaggregation from roadways, 55
hybrids, 100
interface and, 54-55
Internet and, 76-77
network management of, 56-57, 73
origin of, 52
railroads compared, 51-59
roadways and, 52-54, 73
routing deliveries, 57
traffic, 54-55, 73
Automobile industry, World Wide Web and, 123-124
Bandwidth, 133
Bell Labs, 62-63
Benefits of disaggregation, 21-25, 144-145
competition, 22, 48, 58, 94, 136
cost reduction, 23, 45, 47-48, 94, 136
creativity, 22, 47, 58, 94, 135
simplicity, 23, 74-75, 94
specialization, 23-24, 48, 76, 112
synergy, 24, 75, 98, 136
BitTorrent, 69 n.
Bluetooth, 138-142
Brainstorming, 30-32
Browsers, for World Wide Web, 114-115
Bullets, 44
Business
automobiles as, 57-58, 73
Internet as, 71-72, 73
railroads as, 57-58, 73
Categories of disaggregation, 10, 30, 31, 47, 144-145
authority, 10-11, 16, 17, 19, 30, 36, 47, 53, 92, 108, 109, 135
concepts, 14-15, 19, 135
mechanics, 13, 14, 19, 44, 55, 136
ownership, 11, 12, 16, 19, 29, 53, 57, 92, 108, 135
space/time, 13-14, 15, 19, 135
CDs, 37, 91, 93. See also Media industry
Censorship, Internet, 72
Clocks, 45-46, 85
Community, as result of disaggregation, 13
Competition
as benefit of disaggregation, 22, 48, 58, 94, 136
competitor's mistakes, 104-105
Internet and, 71-72
Kodak and, 104-105
Microsoft and, 114
standards and, 87
Computers
disaggregation of, 140-142
interfaces, 63
networks, 62-65
standards, 92-94
Concepts, disaggregation of, 14-15, 19, 135
Convenience, as result of disaggregation, 13
Corporations, 108-109
Cost reduction, 23, 45, 47-48, 94, 136
Creativity, as benefit of disaggregation, 22, 47, 58, 94, 135
Currency
disaggregation and, 15
U.S. currency, 109 n.
See also Money
Cycles, projects as, 38-39
Data, types of, 29
Data networks. See Internet
Devise, as stage of disaggregation, 27-32, 144-146
Digital photography, 97-98, 101-103
Disaggregation
of authority, 10-11, 16, 17, 19, 30, 36, 47, 53, 92, 108, 109, 135
benefits of. See Benefits of disaggregation
categories of. SeeCategories of disaggregation
of computers, 140-142
of concepts, 14-15, 19, 135
of data integrity from data networking, 68
definition, 6-8
in digital photography, 98
of document validation, 131
as goal, 39
goal of, 33
of interfaces, 74
involuntary, 16
of location from information, 122
of mechanics, 13, 14, 19, 44, 55, 136
multiple, 18, 76
in multiple categories, 18, 47
of operating systems from applications, 114
of ownership, 11, 12, 16, 19, 29, 53, 57, 92, 108, 135
of parts from finished product, 47, 48
of personal computer, 140-142
resistance to, 107-119
of routing from bandwidth, 133
scope of, 16-17
stages of. See Stages of disaggregation
of space/time, 13-14, 15, 19, 135
unique, 18
of value from thing valued, 109
voluntary, 16
DVDs, 37, 91-92. See also Media industry
eBay, 34-36
Edison, Thomas, 39
Editions, news, multiple, 128-130
Electric motors, disaggregation and, 14
Electronics industry
music industry and, 24, 37
obsolescence in, 99-100
E-mail, 74-75
Embrace, extend, and extinguish, 115-117
Evaluate, as stage of disaggregation, 38-39, 147-148
Exchange (AEIOU steps), 100-103
Execute, as stage of disaggregation, 147
eXtensible Markup Language (XML), 128-132
Fear, uncertainty, and doubt (FUD), 113, 119
Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 125
FedEx, 35
Feedback, 40
File sharing, 69 n., 72
Floppy disks, 81, 93
Ford, Henry, 14, 52, 76-77
Franklin Institute, 86
Gates, Bill, 113
See also Microsoft
Gateways (routers), Internet and, 66-67
Government regulation, 121-126, 137-138
Guns, 44-45
Gutenberg, Johann, 39-40, 106
Home Team Football Network (HTFN), 132
Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), 75-76
Inform (AEIOU steps), 103-104
Innovation
analysis of, 9-19, 25
technical, social compared with, 17
Innovation worksheet, 145
Interchangeable parts, 43-49, 95
benefits of, 47-49
clocks with, 45-46
guns with, 44-45
processes and tools, 45
See also Interfaces; Standards
Interface, as stage of disaggregation, 32-35, 146
Interfaces, 8, 32-36, 40, 46, 47, 86, 146, 147
automobiles and, 54-55
computers and, 61disaggregation of, 74
eBay's, 34-36
e-mail and, 74-75
Internet, 74
Internet telephony, 76
prices as, 110-111
private, 34
public vs. standard, 36
of railroad and automobile traffic, 54-55
International Telecommunications Union (ITU), 62 n., 64
Internet Explorer, 115-116
Internet, 5, 39
automobile and, 76-77
benefits of revolution, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74-76
as business, 71-72, 73
censorship, 72
competition, 71-72
disaggregation and, 67-68, 70
file sharing, 69 n., 72
history of networks, 62-65
network management, 69-71, 73
origin of, 64-65
reasons for success, 65-73
as recent revolution, 5
roadways, 65-68, 72, 73
routing, 66-67, 69-71
"taking apart" and, 5
telephony. See Internet telephony
traffic, 68-69,73
X.25 and, 62, 64, 67-70, 72, 73
Internet telephony (IT), 76, 132-138
bandwidth, 133
benefits of disaggregation, 135-136
business models, 137
disaggregation and, 135-136
regulation of, 137-138
routing, 133
Web pages compared, 133-134
Internet service providers (ISPs), 61
IT. See Internet telephony
ITU (International Telecommunications Union), 62 n., 64
Java, 116-117
Jini, 138-142
Kodak
competition and, 104-105
digital photography and, 101-103
obsolescence and, 102, 105-106
Polaroid compared, 103
shareholder opposition, 103-104
Legislation, 121-124
Lenin, Vladimir, 108, 109
Leninism. See Marxism-Leninism
Lighting fixtures, 82
Linux, 116, 117-119
Liquor industry, 121-123
Lobbying, 126
Lumber sizes, 83 n.
Macintosh, 116
Manufacturing, 43-49
cost reduction, 45
mass production, 46
producing disaggregated from selling, 45
standards in, 46
Marx, Karl, 108, 109
Marxism-Leninism
corporations and, 108-109
money and, 108, 110-113
Mass production, 46-47, 49
Mechanical, definition, 13
Mechanics, disaggregation of, 13, 14, 19, 44, 55, 136
Media industry
business errors in, 37, 91-92
electronics industry and, 24, 37
obsolescence in, 99-100
synergy with computer industry, 24
Medical treatment, disaggregation and, 11
Microsoft, 113-119, 126
Java and, 116-117
Linux and, 116, 117-119
open source and, 117-119
resistance to disaggregation, 113-114
standards and, 113
Money
function of, 109-110
Marxism-Leninism and, 108, 110-113
U.S. currency, 109 n.
See also Currency
Movable type, 39-40, 106
Movie industry. See Media industry
Music industry. See Media industry
Network management
automobiles, 56-57, 73
Internet, 69-71, 73
railroads, 56-57, 73
Network storage, 141
New physics revolutions, xi
News editions, multiple, 128-130
NSSN, 91 n.
Nuts and bolts, 83-86, 89, 95
Observe (AEIOU steps), 104-105
Obsolescence, 81-83, 99-100
reasons for, 92-94
self-imposed, 105-106
Old Peculier beer, 121
Open source
disaggregation and, 12
Microsoft and, 117-119
as recent revolution, 5
"taking apart" and, 6
Operating systems, 114
Opposition, overcoming, 103-104
Ownership, disaggregation of, 11, 12, 16, 19, 29, 53, 57, 92, 108, 135
Palm Pilot, 82
Parts, standardized. See Standards
Patent rights, 92
Personal computer
disaggregation of, 140-142
as recent revolution, 5
"taking apart" and, 6
Pez candy dispensers, 57
Phonograph, 39
Photography. See Digital photography; Kodak
Polaroid, 103
Political contributions, 126
Price comparison, 85 n.
Prices, under Marxism-Leninism, 110-111
Production, disaggregated from selling, 45
Physics, and revolutions, xi
Railroads
automobiles compared, 51-59
as business, 57-58, 73
interface of cars, 54-55
network management, 56-57, 73
origin of, 51-52
roadways, 52-54, 73
standard parts and, 85-86
traffic, 54-55, 73
Reaggregation, at Microsoft, 114-115
Really Simple Syndication (RSS), 128
Regulatory agencies, 124-125
Relationship, definition, 13
Remainder after disaggregation, 17
Repairable parts. See Standards
Replacement revolutions, xi
Resistance to disaggregation, 107-119
Restaurant, 31-32
Revolution(s)
AEIOU coping steps, 99-106
recent, 5-6
stages of, 27-40
as surprise, 97-106
types of, xi
Revolutionary potential, 17-19
Roadway, Internet, 65-68, 73
Roadways, 52-54, 73
Root name server, 62
Routers, 67
Routingautomobile deliveries, 57
Internet data packets, 66-67, 69-71
telephone calls, 133
RSS (Really Simple Syndication), 128
Scope of disaggregation, 16-17
Security, 118
Selling, disaggregated from production, 45
Servers (Web), 116
Shared Source, 119
Shareholders, 103-104, 108
Simplicity, as benefit of disaggregation, 23, 74-75, 94
Smash and grab, 30-32, 144
Solutions, generating, 27-32, 144-148
Southern Pacific, 56
Soviet Union, 108-113
Space/time, disaggregation of, 13-14, 15, 19, 135
Specialization, as benefit of disaggregation, 23-24, 48, 76, 112
Speech technology, 90, 113
Stages of disaggregation, 27-40
accept, 35-38, 146-147
devise, 27-32, 144-146
evaluate, 38-39, 147-148
execute, 147
interface, 32-35, 146
Stalin, Joseph, 111
Standard parts. See Standards
Standards
benefits of, 94-95, 147
business considerations for, 86-91
competition and, 87
in computers, 92-94
embrace, extend, and extinguish, 115-117
engineering and, 88
errors regarding, 91-92
in manufacturing, 46
in media industry, 91-92
Microsoft and, 113
nuts and bolts, 83-86, 89
obsolescence and, 92-94
origin of, 83-86
in public interface, 36-37
repairable parts, 95
sales/marketing and, 88
in speech technology, 90
standardized parts, 44-45, 46, 83-86
Stereo systems, 24
Sun Microsystems, 116-117
Synergy, as benefit of disaggregation, 24, 75, 98, 136
"Taking apart", examples, 5-6
Telephone technology
as recent revolution, 5
"taking apart" and, 6
See also AT&T; Internet telephony
Terry, Eli, 45-48
Testing, of innovations, 37-38
Tool-and-die industry, 45
Traffic
automobiles, 54-55, 73
Internet, 68-69, 73
railroads, 54-55, 73
Transportation. See Automobiles; Railroads
Undermine (AEIOU steps), 105-106
Union Pacific, 56
United Nations, Internet and, 62
UNIX, 63, 116
Validation of documents, 131
vCard, 142
Voice over IP (VoIP). See Internet telephony
Wall Street Journal, 128-130
Wal-Mart, 35
Web pages, 133
Web site for The Pebble and the Avalanche, 148
Whitney, Eli, 44, 45, 49
Windows (OS), 115, 116
World Trade Center, 65-66
World Wide Web
automobile industry and, 123-124
government regulation and, 121-124
liquor industry and, 121-123
Microsoft and, 114-115
as recent revolution, 5
"taking apart" and, 6
See also Internet
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), 113, 130
X.25, 62, 64, 67-60, 72, 73
XML (eXtensible Markup Language), 128-132